Which strait connects the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea?

What is the name of the strait that connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman? What is the name of the strait that connects the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean? What is the name of the canal that connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean? Which canal connects the Gulf of Corinth to the Saronic Gulf? What strait separates the islands of Luzon and Mindoro in the Philippines? What strait separates the islands of Java and Madura in Indonesia? What strait separates the islands of Borneo and Sumatra in Indonesia? What is the term for a fast-moving current of hot ash, gas, and rock that flows down the side of a volcano?