What is referred to by 'any forebear or progenitor'?

Based on the clue 'any dummy could tell you its from the latin for sp...', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'any echinoderm of the class asteroidea', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'any edible aromatic vegetable substance added to f...', what is the answer? What is referred to by 'any few rot'? Based on the clue 'any good jockey could tell you that horse races ar...', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'any good librarian could tell you that oed is the ...', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'any group claiming enlightenment especially an 18t...', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'any group of armed forces personnel who carry or e...', what is the answer?