What is associated with: born in copenhagen in 1813 this danish philosopher helped lay the foundation of existentialism?

What is associated with: born in cologne this tales of hoffman composer became a french citizen in 1860? What is associated with: born in columbus in 1890 he was a car racing champion a wwi flying ace? What is associated with: born in connecticut in 1800 attacked a us arsenal in 1859 hanged for treason the same year? What is associated with: born in connecticut in 1800 helped capture an arsenal in 1859 died a martyr that same year? Based on the clue 'born in copenhagen remodeled the atom died in cope...', what is the answer? What is associated with: born in corfu in 1921 hes a great grandson of the danish king christian ix? Based on the clue 'born in cornish new hampshire chief justice salmon...', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'born in cove gap penn on april 23 he later became ...', what is the answer?