What is associated with: begun in 1503 its been called the most famous portrait in art history?

Based on the clue 'begun by appius claudius as a public work in 312 b...', what is the answer? What is associated with: begun by frederick the greats invasion of saxony it lasted from 1756 to 1763? What is associated with: begun in 1173 the 8 story leaning tower of pisa is clad in this stone? What is associated with: begun in 1174 it was finally stabilized in may 2008 after more than 700 years of slow movement? What is associated with: begun in 1815 americas first large scale monument to this man towers above mount vernon place? What is associated with: begun in 1829 it was the 1st encyclopedia published in america? What is associated with: begun in 1845 published in 1862 this victor hugo work condemns the social injustices of 19th c… What is associated with: begun in 1860 this major golf tournament is held annually in the uk?