How many arms does an octopus have?

An "oater" is a film of which genre? Which word means both an oblong unit of bread and to idle away time? An obscenity case against "I Am Curious (Yellow)", a 1960s film from which country, went to the U.S. Supreme Court? An octet of what gives the Volkswagen Passat W8 its name? Composer John Adams wrote an opera about which president's 1972 trip to China? A company in Oeslau, Germany, began making figurines based on which nun's drawings in the 1930s? Taco Bell's menu has long featured a "Mexican" version of which food? An offshoot of the Salem colony, which city was founded on September 17, 1630, by John Winthrop and other Puritans?