In statistics, what is a data point that lies far from the rest of the data called?

Which Irish writer, dying in Paris in 1900, reportedly quipped "My wallpaper and I are fighting a duel to the death"? Which alloy of iron and carbon contains less than about 2% carbon? Which Pacific island, named for the sailor who first sighted it in 1767, was settled in 1790 by mutineers from HMS Boun… Reykjavík, the world's northernmost capital of a sovereign state, is in which island country? An Italian law named for 1950s premier Mario Scelba bans the revival of which political movement? Which actress gained about 30 pounds to play serial killer Aileen Wuornos in the 2003 film "Monster"? Which name belongs to both Italy's longest river and the red Teletubby? What is an itemized allotment of funds for a given period called?