Which word names an invisible emanation said to surround a person, or a distinctive intangible quality?

The official guide for Boy Scouts in the U.S. is the Boy Scout what? An insufficient punishment is called a slap on what? Which insurance company uses a logo of two cupped hands with the slogan "You're in good hands"? An international piano competition held every four years is named for which American who won a competition in Moscow in… Which word can mean an invoice, the visor of a cap and a bird's beak? An individual retirement account created in 1998 is named for which longtime Delaware senator? Which Irish writer, dying in Paris in 1900, reportedly quipped "My wallpaper and I are fighting a duel to the death"? Which alloy of iron and carbon contains less than about 2% carbon?